In Jn. 5:39 he claimed he was the promised one the Messiah.That all scripture is written of  him. How can we know he spoke the truth, how can we check what is being said. Well we need to look at the genealogy the family tree or line since the Messiah has a very specific lineage. From the beginning God established the genealogy and gave us its record so it would be one of the ways to identify him.

Gen.3:15 tells us he would be from the seed of the woman. This is the only place this is mentioned since the seed is from the man. It also says he would crush (conquer) the serpents head. He would overcome Satan who introduced sin to mankind. This is all fulfilled by the virgin birth in Mt.1:16,18

Gen.9:26 tells us Canaan was cursed and Shem was blessed (Shem = name, Semitic people of the name) So he would come through the people of the name.

Gen 12:1-3, 7 says he would come from the line of Abraham. So then this means the messiah needs to be a physical descendant of Abraham eliminating all other family lines. (Matt.1:1, Gal.3:8, 14, 16)

Both Jews, Christians and Muslims are identified with the seed of Abraham. Abraham is told that in his seed all nations will be blessed. Gen.17:18-21, 21:12 Abraham had two sons Ishmael and Isaac. Ishmael is from Hagar who is from Ham (Egyptian). |So now in Gen. 26 he separates the two and now he must come through Isaac (Heb.11:17-19). But then we find that Isaac had two sons Esau and Jacob (Numb.24:17-19)so then God eliminates another line by saying he will come through Jacob not Esau. So we find now that the messiah comes from the Jewish line as it narrows from Abraham Isaac to Jacob. Jacob had twelve sons of which only one would be picked so eleven are eliminated Gen 49 It gets even narrower that the Messiah had to come from the tribe of Judah. This is found in Genesis 49:10: (Matt.1:2 , Heb. 7:14-17)

He will come from the tribe of Judah who is the 4th son of Jacob through Leah. so does not come through Rachel.Gen.29:35

He will come from the tribe of Judah which eliminates 11 other tribes. But not any tribe in Judah Isa.11:1 tells us from the many lines of Judah it would be from the line of Jesse. Yet he had 8 sons so 7 need to be eliminated . Jesse was the father of David 2 Sam. 7:12-17, ps.89:20-29, 35-36.  The Messiah is to come through the house of David . The book of Matthew written to Jews makes the point that Jesus would come from the line of David who is from the line of Abraham (Mt.1:1).

Then the line narrows even further where we find the Messiah will come from the line of Solomon who was David's son. 1 Chron.22:9 ;28:4-5 David had at the least 17 children but God chose only one, the son of David and Bathsheba.Ps.132:11 the fruit of David's body will be set upon the throne. (Romans 1:3 Messiahs of the seed of David)

In Matthews account four woman are mentioned Tamar, Rahab, Ruth and Bathsheba. Tamar and Rahab were harlots, Bathsheba committed adultery and Rahab and Ruth were Gentiles. Women are rarely mentioned in the lineage records. These are for good reason, to show The birth would not be dependent on mans goodness and that he came to save sinners Gentiles as well Jews.

Mary was a descendent from David through his son Nathan. Jesus could not be the real son of Joseph or he would have come from the line of Coniah. Jeremiah 22:24 tells us the line  of Coniah son of Jehoiakim is cursed (Jeconiah the Je is left off his name because it relates to the name Lord .He was so evil it was left off). The decree was that no descendent of this wicked king would prosper (vs.30). If Jesus were the actual son of joseph he would have been under this curse. the virgin birth solves all this. Joseph adopts Jesus as  his step father and he inherits the legal right to the throne. The word ' of the' appears in all the genealogies listed in the book of Luke except one, that is of Joseph. This exception to this is because of his line connected to Jer.22. He is included because of his marriage to Mary. Matthews genealogy makes it clear as it is not attributed to Joseph but Mary.

Location

The family line was established but now we need to go to the location. God specifically picked one place, Bethlehem, for the Messiah to be born Mic.5:2. So now even if one is born somewhere else from the line of David he can’t be the Messiah. Nazareth or Jerusalem is eliminated Mt.2:1. There were two Bethlehem's. This Town was given to the tribe of Judah it was the place where King David was born it is the "house of bread". How fitting that the bread of life would come from this house. But this is a particular area in Bethlehem , Ephratah (the sheepfold) which narrows the possibilities even more. This is where the shepherds watched over their flocks as we see them doing when the angel comes to them and announces their Kings birth.

How will he be born ?

He will be born of a virgin without any human father, the seed of the woman Isa.7:14 (MT.1:22-23) and also from David's line. Joseph adopted him and Jesus becomes the legal heir to the throne.

Now lets go to the time of his coming.

He will be born before the tribe of Judah loses its identity.

Gen 49:10 - "The scepter shall not depart from Judah nor the rulers staff from between his feet until the SHILO comes and to Him be the obedience of the people." Shilo was one of the places the Ark of the Covenant dwelt .

Every tribe of Israel had its own scepter a staff with its name inscribed on it. The scepter represents its judicial  authority . The removal of the scepter occurred when Herod the Great, who was not a Jew became King and the Sanhedrin had its power limited.  Both of these happened during the lifetime of Jesus. The name Shiloh is synonymous with the name of the Messiah ( Talmud Sanh.98B) It means WHO IS IT.  So according to this prophecy the Messiah had to come before the scepter was removed from Judah.  Numbers 24:17 "I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near; a Star shall come out of Jacob; a Scepter shall rise out of Israel, and batter the brow of Moab, and destroy all the sons of tumult." This is a vision which spans over 1,500 years. This star was not something seen in the sky, but a person coming from the lineage of Jacob who has glory. Jacob who birthed Israel the nation, Salvation will come from the Jews.

But there is even more facts from scripture to define the time of his coming Dan.9:24-27 tells us the Messiah will appear before the destruction of the city of Jerusalem and the temple which occurred In 70 AD. Daniel received his prophecy after the first destruction of the temple in 586 BC. so Daniels writing in 9:24-27 of the Messiah   appearing, of being "cut off" was future.  The city would be destroyed afterward along with its genealogical  records. So whoever is going to be Messiah must come before this all transpires. The record shows 483 years from 445 B.C. and before the destruction of the 2nd temple in 70 AD.